175 14.09.2016 VDA 2.3 Lab Procedure - 12V Battery SoC •   Next steps: . Further consideration necessary to develop a clear and efficient way. ·•    Evaluation of alternative metho_d s for consideration of SoC •    COM study wilrdeal with SoC influence too. •    Input from LabProcEV hybrid experts needed. WI.TP DTP LabPnx: ICE                 Seile13 3. LabProclCE issues on DTP level - lnfluence of Test               VDA Room and Soak Ten,perature on C0 2 Emission Study of UTAC presented at DTP5 12.4.2011: Measurement at 3 different test room and soak temperatures FTP and NEDC cycles tested Dyno load settings for each temperature level 2 tests for each temperature (will be more) Document on CIRCA DTP-05-10 Excerpt for NEDC shown on_next slide 'n'LTPOTP LabProc ICE                 SOite 14 7

176_ 14.09.2016 • ~:                                                                 ••. ·'                          Results (2) il -?c.rr;:1c _·- - - - - - - - -- - - - -- - - - -- ---------1 C02 Emissions - NEDC 1110 ,-··-•··-··- · i 1 150    r.           -       -      -------- - ~ ■ NEOC   1s•c ■ NEOC22"C • NEOC25"C 100 ···-· D1                             . 0,                             m WlTP/DTP/12-04-2011                                                      15 . 3. LabProclCE issues on DTP Level- lnertla Classes VDA A step-less / small steps approach ( Proposal ICCT) • Step-less approacil: Allows each vehicle to be tested with its actual weight; could be com bined with an allowance for the size of weight change before new testing is required (e.g. 2% weight change); results in a continuous line in terms of C02 8 10  l 8 . A st&p-ktH approach wilh · 2% blifer would reouH in acrurate CO, values even l --st.p-1111 approoch lllllcg uniform steps JP l1 Je, small vehicles (CO,           A step-laSB line with 2%          USETW E                     1 range o1 1-2 glkm per size bufler would lead to approx. 60 kg steps ror      --EU i      6            .    clet;s)                     ·   heavier vehlcles bul much J  ! ';Ne   4                                                   emgllar stepo fo; =     ~ '     ~ No ·•pil<8s" -                                                  --r-,1_,--.1,-,.__                 ·1           anymore . no •                                                                                     1           ·ctulltering" of !                                                                                                 vehicles at class ü      21                                -~=•·=    · _ _ _ _ _..,;,Ö..,..,__......,.,.,b°'_de_rs_ o   r -· .-.--,--~-- !!               500                             1,500             2.aoo Reference weight [kg] WLTP OTP LabProc ICE                                             Selle 10 Si1<ic 16 8

17 7 14.09.2016 Zusammenfassung                          VDA ► Der Prozess WLTP DTP läuft sehr intensiv mit vielen Beteiligten auf Arbeits~ und Leitungsebene ► Parallele Aktionen der EU-Kommission führen zu Überlappung und Koordinationsproblemen ► Ziele für WLTP müssen nachgeschärft werden - Guidance erforderlich für politische Themen: ► Koordination des Drafting ist wesentliches Element in 2011 für den Fortschritt in allen Gruppen. ► Überlagerung von Euro6 und WLTP kann zu Termin- Kollisionen in der Umsetzung führen. Entfeinerung und Bündelung erforderlich. W1. TP DTP lal>Proc ICE          Seile 17 9

187 14.09.2016 Treffen VDA, BMVBS, BMU, BMWi WLTP Validation 1 + 2 Sindelfingen 4.~.2011                                   A VD r. I Verband der · Automobilindustrie VDA -r _______ ,_________                   · -   lnhalt-            - - - -  -   -    -  -     -•- - - -  - - 1.   Wesentliche Ziele des WLTP 2 . .Meilensteine Validation 1   T  2 3.   Entscheidungen zur Durchführung 4.   Parametersetzung im Laborprozess ►   Road Load Determination ,   Vehicle selection . ,.  Lab procedures · ►   Measurement Equipment VVLTPVo-üdation1 + 2                     Seite2 1

188 14.09.2016 1. Wesentliche Ziele des WLTP                                                              VDA Main objactlvn of WLTP n aummarlzecl In GRPE: WO!lcfwide hannonisation oftest cycle and measurement procedure lmproved reproduclllUity lncreased representativity Objeetlve of EU-Commlulon (CARS21): The new lest cycle should minimize the current gap between C02 value measured at type- approval and real wor1d d = C02 emissions should by the introduction of I new type- approval lest cycle and p       ures that is representative of on-road driving; · lmproved (Inter-lall) reproduclllllity and (Intra-lall) repeatallUi1y; Minimise the current gap between ~ulated pollutant emlssions measured on the current European test-<:yde and real world dnving emlssions ...                           . lndustry objectlvft: lmproved cost/effectiveness of ly1J8 approval procedure AdapUon to technlcal progress of measurement equlpment Adaption to technlcat progress of vehicles Reevaluation of emlsslon targets and limits due to new cycle/procedure ---.. \ v.t.TPVolldotlon 1 + 2                         Soito3 1. Übertragung aufWLTP OTPLabProclCE                                                        VDA Relevance for WL TP DTP LabProclCE (examples): Harmonization of test procedures and cycles                             ➔  New WLTP cycle, unified RLD procedure                            · •    lmproved reproducibility: ➔ tightened tolerances of road load determination and measurement equipment, vehicle modi for lab procedures. lmproved representativity: ➔ Representative settings for road load determination and lab process parameters. Use of proportional fan . •    Adaption to technical progress: ➔ Reduced nurnber of tests, optirnized calibration frequencies, refined inertia classes. · 'A\.TP Valkialion t + 2                        Seite ◄ 2

189 · 14.09.2016 3. Durchführung der Validierung (Stand DTP5)                VDA Vorläufige Eckpunkte: •     Teilnehmer bis jetzt: Japan, Korea, ACEA, UTAC •     Validation 2 startet 30.9.2011 •    Geplant sind etwa 6 Fahrzeuge je Labor Wesentliche Punkte sind noch offen: •    Wie wird Validation 1 durchgeführt? · Wie erfolgt der Übertrag auf den WL TP? ·•     Nach welchen Kriterien werden die Ergebnisse bewertet? 2. Meilensteine für Validation 1 + 2                        VDA Working plan · for · Validation 1+2 Source N. lchlkaw• \VL TP V.1lidoh011 t • 2      Sci1c6 3

190 14.09.2016 3. Wesentliche Parameter für Validation 2                                    VDA am Beispiel LabProc ICE Relevant areas for measurement of CO , energy consumptlon and pollutants within fabProc ICE: 1. Road load determination 2. Vehicle selection and preparation 3. Lab Procedures 4. Measurement Equipment WI.TPVaidlllon1 •2                            seite 7 3. Parameter Road Load Determination                                         VDA Road Load Determination (not relevant for Validation 2): Vehicle ·selection for RLD: •    Tire selection: Based on rolling resistance or base tire (TBD) •    Aerodynamic features (e.g. design line ): highest predicted sales volume •    Aerodynamic options (e.g. roof-rails) : > 50 % (?) predicted sales volume considered •    lnertia classes: step widlh 60 kg or smaller steps (TBD) •    Tire pressure: Lowest recommended pressure _         of manufacturer specification •    Tire lread wear: up to 50% C •    Wheel alignment and clearance as specified by manufacturer wtTP Validalion 1 • 2                          sene e 4

191 14.09.2016 3. Parameter Road Load Determination                                              . VDA Road Load Detennination cont'd (not relevant for Validation 2): Raad Load Evaluation: •    One time moderate braking before vehicle warm up •    Consideration of rotary masses as described (conform ISO 10521) •    Averaging offorces instead oftime segments (conform ISO 10521) •    Vehicle coast down mode switched on if any                                 1 WLTPV■ lidallon    1+ 2                            5eite9                  C) f i                                                                                         VDA 1 f 3. Parameter Road Load Determination ! ft 1 Vehicle selection and preparation for dyno tests : . :1 J          Vehicle mileage between 3000 and 15000 km .  Dyno operation mode switched on if any - .  Tire pressure during testing TBD                      1Setpoint: 3, 1 bar 1 l " ~ .  Automatie gearboxes: Default m_      ode                                                            ' ' '      .   Reference fuel used -·--     - 1 l~    .   AC and electrical devices switched oft, Daytime Running Light on i (_) • ' ' 1                                     V/l TP Vtilidolion 1 • 2                          Seile 10 5 /

192 14.09.2016 3. Parameter Labor-Prozess                                                     VDA Lab process (1) . Dyno setting: • Vehicle in same warmed up condition as during the road load determination • Dyno thermal stabilized • Rotary masses considered with 3% for 4WD; 1,5 % for 2WD, if considered in RLD • Road load data (for Validation 2 not relevant) • lnertia classes step width 60 kg or smaller steps (TBD) Dyno load setting tolerance: 2%                     >50km/h 1Setpolnt: mld tolerance      -1 3%?                    30 - 50 km/h •  10 %                    <30 km/h Selo11 3. Parameter Labor-Prozess                                                     VDA Lab process (II): •   Testroom and soak temperature            25° · C -+ 5 K    [se~i~t:-25;     c         - ·1 •   Humidity                                                   1Setpoint: 50 •1o rH          1 •   Soak time 12-36 h without forced cooling down (6h with)               Setpolril 24h +-1h •   Gear sh\ft points as availabr'e Setpoint: no smoothing, no •   Speed trace: +-3 km/h                                                                    1 excessive throttle actuatlon J •   Number of tests: 3 wilh averaging (for validalion only) ' •   No external battery charging after precondilioning run WLTP Validation 1 + 2                          .Seite 12 6

193 14.09.2016 3. Parameter Labor-Prozess                                                  VDA Measurement Equipment: Proportionalfan up to Vmax cyc18 < 120 km/h (see GRPE Jan; 2011) •    Tolerance CFO <= 2% •    True concentration of calibration gases within 1 % of stated value (Additional Pollutants TBD) NO. Converter efficiency > 95 % •    Linearity check analyzer                     1Setpolnt: mid tolerance Wl.'TPV111<1ation1 +2                     SeKe 13 - - - - - - - -,- -~LZusammenfassung _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                                     VDA ► Ziel der Validie,ung: Überprüfung aes WLTP-2.yklus im Verbu nd mit der neuen Testprozedur auf Machbarkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit .,_ ►  ' Validation 2 beinhaltet nicht eine l<orrelation „ alt - neu". ·► Die Einzel-Ziele der Validierung sind bislang noch nicht definiert. . ► Die Durchführung startet im 3. Quartal 2011. · ► Zeniraie i<oordination ist erforde,iich und gepiant. ► Bewertung der Ergebnisse ist zu definieren.                                                ( ) ► Pa rameter zur Durchführung sind in allen Gruppen des WLTP festzulegen. WLTPVolldalioo1 • 2                       Sei1c 14 7