The autopsy External communication in practice Basics: •   present friendly and appropriate appearance; •   build trust; •   show empathy; •   explain the reason for your measures; •   be patient; •   listen actively; •   always reduce own dominant behavior to a minimum; •   be clear to avoid any misunderstanding; •   communicate constantly to gain information about the situation, and for your personal risk assessment; •   be attentive; •   use your body language; •   follow tit-for-tat strategy/survivability. Being attentive is a corner stone in the behavior of law enforcement officers. Obviously harmless situations could lead to an unexpected reaction of the person addressed, with serious consequences for you or your colleagues. Sample pictures – Body language/non-verbal communication Hands during conversation: in front and ready for action, depending on behaviour and reaction of the interlocutor. __________________________________________________________________________________ 51

Chapter 3 – Preparation for duty/team briefing Equipment Check The professional use of your equipment is a prerequisite for a successful operation. This includes means of communication as well as means of coercion. Before starting your duty, you should check your equipment properly: The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law mobile/radio charged? enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the handcuffs? working methods applied in ongoing and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in prevention of cross-border                         baton?  crime and unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection                           tearofgas/pepper the publicspray?        interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article                      weapon  4(1)(a)   and  first    indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. ammunition? ensure that equipment is always available and not covered by your jacket or other clothes! First Aid Kit (i.e. Ambu LifeKey mask)? hand gloves? writing utensil? body armour vest? Patrolling by vehicle The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working map/GPS of operational area? methods applied in ongoing and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in prevention of cross-border crime and unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. technical check of the vehicle? Please be aware: The meaning of a weapon could be, from legal perspective, interpreted in different ways in certain Member States, with different legal consequences (i.e. for obligatory warning procedures or storage of a weapon)! Belt Configuration equipment always available according to graduation of force; attention: protection of backbone! First Aid/hygiene Always use hand gloves! Are you aware on how to react in case of •      i.e. how to treat person in shock? •      How to use first aid kit? Is it available? •      Do you have number of ambulance available? __________________________________________________________________________________ 52

Team briefing A proper preparation for each operation requires a thorough briefing by the team leader. The following aspects should be the minimum taken into consideration for a briefing prior each shift/patrol: The   non-disclosed Operational   Areapart• contains        detailed The operational  areainformation and the routesregarding      the activities for surveillance   modus operandi of law enforcement officials should performing    border be clear        control. for each   team Disclosing member. Use   such   information a map    for      would expose the working methods           appliedallinaspects introducing       ongoingtoand      future operations, thus obstructing the team. their  effectiveness Situation/risk      in prevention      of cross-border     crime   and  unauthorized • What was the situation in the operational area the last        border    crossings. Inassessment consequence, it would undermine          the days/weeks/months?protection     of the public   interest   as   regards  public security and thus, cannot      be   disclosed  pursuant     to Article  4(1)(a)   first indent • What kind of situation can the team expect for the upcoming shift?   of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. • Is the patrol equipped according to the expected situation (i.e. body armour vests)? • Assessment of own capacities. Task                     •    What is the specific task of the team within operational concept? •    What are the tasks of neighbouring forces/authorities? •    Who will do what within the team/responsibilities? Communication            •    Perform a radio check. •    Communication plan and call signs clear and available for all team members? •    Stipulated codes for certain actions? •    Contact to other authorities involved in IBM and/or emergency cases (i.e. ambulance). Emergency case           •    Is the team prepared for an emergency case? __________________________________________________________________________________ 53

Chapter 4 – Personal safety and security while imposing Border Guard measures General rules If you discover traces of illegal activities (e.g. footprints indicating illegal border crossing): The non-disclosed      part   contains    detailed    information • immediately report to coordination centre;     regarding    the modus   operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working methods applied in ongoing  • and secure futurethe    area andthus operations,       evidence; obstructing their effectiveness in prevention of cross-border crime and unauthorized • waitborder        crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public for guidelines; interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of •   act Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001.  in accordance         with   instructions     from  the  coordination  centre. Check of a person The non-disclosed  • agree  parton contains actions withdetailed     information regarding the modus operandi of your partner(s); law enforcement           officialsprofiling • conduct           performing of the border person(s)control. checkedDisclosing      such information would (physical condition, expose the working            methods        applied psychological condition, etc.) ;  in  ongoing     and    future  operations,   thus  obstructing their effectiveness in prevention of cross-border crime and unauthorized border • adopt safe tactical position (triangle); option “Z” if you need to separate crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as persons       (see   pictures); regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first • keep(EC) indent of Regulation                  No 1049/2001. a distance     of at least two arm’s lengths; • keep your hands in front and ready for action during conversation; • the hands of the person checked should always be visible to you (out of pockets); • introduce yourself in a polite way and explain what you are going to do next; • choose a suitable place to check the person(s) before you stop them (consider light, traffic, etc.), if possible; • check the person’s identity properly (e.g.: documents, database); • should the person refuse to cooperate, warn them about the possibility to use legal measures including the use of force; consider asking for assistance; • in case you are checking more than two persons, consider the possibility to put them in line or in sit down position; • never turn with your back to the person you want to check. Triangle position __________________________________________________________________________________ 54

The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working methods applied in ongoing and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in prevention of cross-border crime and unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. “Z” position for controlling 2 controlling officer Triangle position for controlling 2 people __________________________________________________________________________________ 55

Check of a vehicle The non-disclosed  partrules General  contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the O PPORTUNITY working methods applied in ongoing and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness choose    the  place   of control; • consider in prevention of cross-border crime    and unauthorized weather, light and border roadcrossings. conditions;In consequence, it would undermine the protection  • of  thevisibility take     publicintointerest account. as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article S AFETY                 4(1)(a) of patrol      first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. member; • of passengers; • of traffic. O PERATING         communication (external & internal); • division of tasks (patrol leader & safeguard); • positions while controlling (the leader is always behind the B- pillar); • no one is allowed to exit the vehicle without the patrol’ permission. In case the vehicle doesn’t stop, follow the procedure of the host Member State! A. Vehicle check at a post The non-disclosed part contains detailed Watch   out for the traffic information regarding the modus operandi of from  the other    direction law enforcement officials performing border and  overtaking     vehicles. control. Disclosing such information would expose the working methods applied in Give  signal  to reduce   speed! ongoing and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in prevention Take   care  that  you  are visible! of cross-border crime and unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. __________________________________________________________________________________ 56

The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working methods applied in ongoing and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness Move tointheprevention safe side ofofthe cross-border road.     crime and Showunauthorized          border crossings. In the place to stop. consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working methods applied in ongoing and future By going around the car, operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in check the body, the windows, prevention       of    cross-border   crime    and the back seats and the unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it number plates. would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working methods applied in ongoing and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in prevention The  photo  indicates  the way   of of cross-border crime and unauthorized border the leader  to her/his final crossings. In consequence, it would undermine position. the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. __________________________________________________________________________________ 57

The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would Keep a safe distance expose the working methods applied in ongoing from the vehicle. and future operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in prevention of cross-border Stay behind the B-pillar. crime and unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the The safeguard’s task is to protection of the public interest as regards protect the patrol leader. public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. Three options for a safeguard’s position The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border   control. Disclosing   such A typical mistake resulting   information wouldfromexpose      the    working a safeguard’s routine.      methods applied   in ongoing    and  future Weapon covered by vest and     operations, thus notobstructing    their ready for reaction.  effectiveness  in prevention of cross-border crime and unauthorized        border       crossings.   In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. __________________________________________________________________________________ 58

B. Vehicle check with a patrol car 1. Patrol car behind of the controlled vehicle The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Use    the  blue  lights  to  make   the Disclosing such information would expose the car   pull over,  and   warn    the working methods applied in ongoing and future approaching      traffic. operations, thus obstructing their effectiveness in the Use     prevention         of cross-border blue lights during     the              crime and unauthorized whole    procedureborder crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law  enforcement       officials  performing Pull over behind the other vehicle           border control. Disclosing such information would expose Use yourtheown working       methods applied in light to flashlight ongoing the car youand stoppedfuture at night operations, thus obstructing time.         their effectiveness in prevention ofUsecross-border       crime the patrol car to protect   and  unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it would yourself from following traffic. undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1) (a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding Turn             the into the wheels      modus      operandi the direction   of of law enforcement officials the   road, toperforming avoid crashing  border    control. Disclosing such the vehicle information you                  would stopped in case      of aexpose collision. the working methods applied Never     stepinintoongoing        and future the area between       the operations, thus obstructing patrol   car andtheir     effectiveness the controlled     vehiclein prevention of cross- border as   long ascrime      and ofunauthorized the driver       the checked border crossings. In consequence, vehicle                it would is inside the    car. undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first __________________________________________________________________________________ indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. 59

2. Patrol car in front of the controlled vehicle The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Use theDisclosing     such blue lights to  makeinformation would expose   thepull the car  working over, andmethods warn applied in ongoing and the future   operations, approaching    traffic. thus obstructing their effectiveness in prevention of cross-border crime and unauthorized border crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working methods applied in ongoing and future operations, thus Never   step   into  the   area obstructing between   thetheir patrol   effectiveness car  and          in prevention of cross-border crime and the controlled   vehicle while unauthorized approaching    border the   stoppedcrossings.  In consequence, vehicle.     it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. The non-disclosed part contains detailed information regarding the modus operandi of law enforcement officials performing border control. Disclosing such information would expose the working Before  themethods      applied leader reaches      the in car,ongoing and future operations, the safeguardthus asks obstructing      their effectiveness in the driver to stop prevention the engine and putof the vehicle cross-border key to crime       and unauthorized the  dashboard. border crossings. In consequence, it would undermine the protection of the public interest as regards public security and thus, cannot be disclosed pursuant to Article 4(1)(a) first indent of Regulation (EC) No 1049/2001. __________________________________________________________________________________ 60