2008 Annual Risk Analysis Report - Part 1
Justification 4 Taken into account that Romanian a Bulgarian nationals have not been included in the statistics on migration as from 2007, the overall situation shows a status quo or a slight upward trend. A similar pattern was noticed in 2005 when nationals of the ten new Member States were not included in the official statistics anymore as illegal migrants. Especially the pressure at the air and land borders seems to be on the increase. 3.1.1 Land Borders More than half of all the detections of illegal border crossings reported by Member States were made at the external land borders . • • • 11 of70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 FIGURE 2: Illegal Border Crossings in 2007 by Member State and by the Type of Land Border. -- -- -- Land borders - -- - -- -- -- -- --- -- -- - - -- - -- The figure above was compiled in order to describe the workload which will be shifted from the temporary external land borders to the external land borders of EU in 2008 (with the exception of Romania and Bulgaria). The fact that some 15-17 per cent of the land border detections took place at the temporary external land borders highlights the importance of the common EU and Schengen visa policy, compensatory measures including inland checks and close cooperation with the neighbouring countries. 3.1.2 Sea Borders The general situation at the sea borders improved and the number of detected illegal migrants declined. However, the situation at the southern maritime borders remains a source of serious concern. 12 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 3.1.3 Air Borders The number of detections at the air borders increased when compared to 2006. 3.1.4 Nationalities Reportedly, Albanian nationals were detected crossing the EU external border illegally most often (figure 3). Iraqi nationals were on the second place and and at the air borders of various Member States. Moroccan illegal migrants, who were usually detected at the sea borders, but also at the land border between Spain and Morocco, were the third most detected nationals. The nationals of Afghanistan, Egypt, Algeria , Eritrea and Somalia were detected at the sea borders, while illegal migrants from Palestine, Pakistan and Serbia mainly at the land borders. Chinese nationals were mainly detected at the air borders, followed by Brazilians . FIGURE 3: Illegal Border Crossings in 2007 by Nationality. Nationality Total Land Air Sea Albania 46,101 45,673 256 172 Iraq 12,103 7,933 1,491 2,679 Morocco 11,144 3,266 205 5,119 Afghanistan 7,068 1,399 53 5,616 Palestinian Territory, Occupied 5,784 4,290 14 1,480 Egypt 5,531 9 59 5,463 Algeria 4,030 495 68 3,467 Eritrea 3,704 193 16 3,495 Somalia 3,347 619 188 2,540 Pakistan 2,703 2,374 118 211 Syrian Arab Republic 2,255 2,109 123 23 China 2,196 429 1,473 294 Brazil 2,176 7 480 36 Serbia 2,024 1,895 111 18 Nigeria 1,815 181 308 1,326 Turkey 2,580 858 401 1,321 Senegal 933 10 627 169 Tunisia 1,564 119 1 1,444 India 1,506 457 321 728 Moldova, Republic of 1,472 1,195 248 29 Other 40,096 8,633 9,831 13,878 Total 160,132 82,144 16,392 49,508 13 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 3.1.5 Pressure at the External Borders of the Member States 3 In 2007, the main areas in Europe identified as highly affected by illegal migration (figure 4) according to the number of detections and apprehensions of illegal migrants were: • Land borders in South-Eastern Europe, • Air borders in North and West Europe, • Sea borders in South and South-Eastern Europe, especial! FIGURE 4: Hot Spots at the External Borders of the Member States in 2007. 14 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 3.2 Refusals of Entry More than 130,000 Third Country nationals were refused entry to the EU in 2007. Most refusals were made at the land borders and at the air borders (figure 5). FIGURE 5: Refusals of Entry in 2007 by Member State and Type of Border. Member State -- Total - Land -- Air - Sea • -- --• • -- -- --• --• -- --• -- • - --• -- -• --• - -- -- -•• -- -- --• • -• -- - -- i- Total 131,099 64,578 60,099 - • 6,422 Most refusals of entry were refusals of nationals of Third Countries bordering the EU (figure 6). The main exception was the refusal of more than 10,000 Brazilian nationals, because Brazil is not bordering the EU. 15 of 70' Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 The highest number of refusals took place at the land borders of the Member States. Nationals of Turkey were also refused entry at the EU land borders with the Western Balkan countries and at the air borders FIGURE 6: Refusals of Entry in 2007 by Nationality and Type of Border. Nationality Total Land Air Sea Ukraine 21,128 20,446 446 236 Brazil 10,338 29 10,158 151 Belorus 10,158 10,038 108 12 Russia 7,871 6,696 1,022 153 Moldova, Republic of 6,353 5,918 409 26 TurkP.y 6,060 4,S7n 1,187 297 Serbia 5,719 5,371 329 19 Croatia 4,270 4,256 10 4 China 3,848 163 3,549 136 Morocco 3,679 132 3,282 265 India 2,832 45 914 1,873 Nigeria 2,384 28 2,333 23 Paraguay 2,215 2,215 Macedonia 1,987 1,935 51 1 United States of America 1,929 26 1,838 65 Bolivia 1,611 5 1,587 19 South Africa 1,379 1,368 11 Venezuela 1,313 1,313 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1,143 1,098 45 Malaysia 1,108 1,095 13 Other 33,774 3,816 26,840 3,118 Total 131,099 64,578 60,099 6,422 The refusals of Chinese nationals took place at all airports of the Member States, 3.3 Detections of False or Falsified Documents Member States detected more than 20,000 Third Country nationals using false or falsified travel documents in 2007. 16 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 FIGURE 7: Detected Users of False or Falsified Documents in 2007 by Member State and Type of Border. Member State --Total -• Land --•Air Sea •• •• -• •• • --• • --• --• -• • I- •• • •• i- -- • -- --•• • • •• -- -- -•• • Total 20,957 7,538 10,880 1,223 The overwhelming majority of the Third Country nationals detected using false or falsified travel documents were nationals of Moldova, Ukraine, Iraq, China and Nigeria. More than half of them were detected at the air borders and one third at the land borders. 17 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 FIGURE 8: Origin of the False or Falsified Documents in 2007 by Alleged Issuing Country and Type of Border. Country of Document Total Land Air Sea France 2,013 429 1,220 187 Romania 1,753 1,285 334 77 Italy 1,656 529 916 152 Bulgaria 807 520 234 8 Ukraine 771 765 6 Venezuela 736 5 731 Belgium 634 94 493 48 Poland 621 535 81 5 Nigeria 619 27 294 2 Germany 605 262 313 30 Spain 499 56 430 13 Portugal 481 160 134 84 United Kingdom 460 62 115 23 Hungary 364 350 14 Netherlands 364 108 165 65 Greece 337 89 218 30 Lithuania 331 166 76 46 South Africa 244 1 Serbia 238 234 4 Slovakia 233 222 9 2 Other 7,191 1,628 5,093 451 Total 20,957 7,538 10,880 1,223 3.4 Suspected Facilitators More than 11,500 suspected facilitators were detected by Member States Border Guard authorities in 2007. More than half of the detections took place inland and one quarter at the land borders of the Member States (figure 9). 18 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 FIGURE 9: Suspected Facilitators in 2007 by Member State. --•• --• Not established Member State Total Land Air Sea (inland) •• • • • -••• •• • •• •• •• •• •• -- -- • •• •• --• --• - --• • -• • •• • --• • •• - Total -- 11,576 - 3,162 265 399 - • 6,831 One third of suspected facilitators were EU nationals (figure 10). Suspected Chinese, Moroccan and Egyptian facilitators were detected mainly inland, whereas suspected Albanian, Iraqi and Turkish facilitators also at the land borders. One fifth of suspected facilitators detected at the sea borders were of Turkish nationality. 19 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
Justification 4 FIGURE 10: Suspected Facilitators in 2007 by Nationality. Not established Nationality Total Land Air Sea (inland) Italy 1,148 12 1 8 1,127 China 869 3 15 792 Albania 681 321 1 4 355 Iraq 512 84 19 16 43 Turkey 449 283 13 78 75 Morocco 355 1 244 Romania 346 164 18 12 152 Greece 343 269 2 72 Poland 285 168 1 11 105 Slovakia 253 222 3 28 Slovenia 227 5 1 221 Hungary 205 174 23 8 Germany 192 111 7 22 52 Egypt 189 3 1 8 177 Ukraine 185 130 2 53 France 177 41 7 20 99 Czech Republic 175 158 17 Bulgaria 171 154 5 12 Serbia 146 121 3 1 21 Pakistan 117 12 1 103 Other 4,551 727 150 210 3,075 Total 11,576 3,162 265 399 6,831 3.5 Illegal Stay In total, Member States reported more than 260,000 detections of illegal stay in 2007. - Most Member States reported illegal stay inland only and not at exit checks 20 of 70 Annual Risk Assessment 2008, March 2008
