EN

THIS ACTION IS FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION
ANNEX II

 

of the Commission Implementing Decision on the financing of the individual measure for the multi-country
migration programme in favour of the Southern Neighbourhood for 2021

Action Document for EU Support to Border Management Institutions in Libya and Tunisia

 

MEASURE
This document constitutes the annual work programme in the sense of Article 110(2) of the Financial
Regulation, and measure in the sense of Article 23(3) of NDICI-Global Europe Regulation.

 

1. SYNOPSIS

1.1. Action Summary Table

EU Support for Border Management Institutions in Libya and Tunisia.
1. Title Measure in favour of Libya and Tunisia for 2021
CRIS/OPSYS CRIS number: NDICI-GEO-NEAR/2021/043-487

Basic Act Financed under the Neighbourhood, Development and International Cooperation
Instrument (NDICI-Global Europe)

2. Team Europe This action could contribute to an envisaged TEI for the Central Mediterranean
Initiative Route.

3. Zone benefiting The action shall be carried out in Libya and Tunisia

from the action

4. Programming

document!

The action is linked to Priority area 2: “Strengthening migration and asylum
governance and management’, and in particular:

- Special objective 3: Strengthening border management actions as part of a
wider migration dialogue with partner countries with a focus on cross-border
5. Link with cooperation, whereby activities support the sustainable development of state
relevant MIP(s) institutions for border management in fragile border areas, involving the private
objectives/expected | sector, CSOs, and border communities, as well as institutional capacity to
results effectively carry out Search and Rescue (SAR) operations at sea and in the
desert.

- Result 3.1: Border management is strengthened, including through cross-border
cooperation mechanisms.

- Result 3.2: Capacity to conduct SAR operations on land and at sea is improved

 

! This measure is expected to fall under the scope of Multi Country Migration Programme for the Southern Neighbourhood - Multi annual
indicative programme 2021- 2027 (under approval).

Page 1 0f 30

PRIORITY AREAS AND SECTOR INFORMATION

6. Priority Area(s), | The action is linked to priority area 2: Strengthening migration and asylum
sectors govemance and management

7. Sustainable Main SDG (1 only): Main SDG : 10.7 Facilitate orderly, safe, regular and
Development Goals | responsible migration and mobility of people, including through implementation
(SDGs) of planned and well-managed migration policies

Main DAC code — 15190 — Facilitation of orderly, safe, regular and responsible
8a)DAC code(s) | „igration and mobility (100%)

8b) Main Delivery | Indirect Management with international organisations and entity(ies) to be
Channel selected in accordance with the criteria set out in section 4.4.4

X Migration

U Climate

U Social inclusion and Human Development
9. Targets OD] Gender

DO Biodiversity

U] Education

U] Human Rights, Democracy and Governance

; FR? Not Significant | Principal

Participation development/good
governance

Aid to environment

Trade development

Reproductive, maternal, new-bom and
child health
10. Markers

(from DAC form) Disaster Risk Reduction

Inclusion of persons with
Disabilities

RIO Convention markers aryerei ae ae
Biological diversity BZ
Combat desetfication ala |
Climate change mitigeion ala | m |
Climate change adaptation ala | |

: Ei Not Significant | Principal
markers
Digitalisation — | m | 0 | m

Page 2 of 30

al oo
Gender equality and women’s and girl’s
empowerment —

rate
a |.

Tags: digital connectivity
digital governance
digital entrepreneurship
job creation
digital skills/literacy
digital services

Connectivity

Tags: transport
people2people
energy
digital connectivity

Migration

Reduction of Inequalities
COVID-19

X

aloe naas: Too DD
alae@aane OOo Do O0 DO

BUDGET INFORMATION
Budget line: 14.020110 - Southern neighbourhood
Total estimated cost: EUR 45 000 000
Total amount of EU budget contribution: EUR 45 000 000
MANAGEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION

13. Implementation
modalities(typeot |. Jet Modality
management mode)

12. Amounts
concerned

Indirect management with the entity(ies) to be selected in accordance with the
criteria set out in section 4.3.1.

 

1.2. SUMMARY OFTHE ACTION

The overall objective of the Action is to contribute to the improvement of respective state services
through the institutional development of the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres and the Coast Guard
Training Academies in Libya and Tunisia.

The development and close cooperation between the institutions responsible of Coast Guard Functions
of the two neighbours increases regional cooperation, allows for efficiency and effectiveness of
operations, improves the effectiveness of Search and Rescue activities and of law enforcement at sea to
fight against migrant smuggling and trafficking of human beings networks in Libya and Tunisia. The
breakdown of specific objectives, outputs and activities is therefore presented for two country based
components separately.

The foreseen activities in this Action are placed in the individual context of Libya and Tunisia and they
can be implemented separately through different contracts. However, the actions would be conducted in
complementarity and there is much that unites them. The development and close cooperation between
the targeted institutions of the two neighbouring countries in this proposed A ction will increase regional
cooperation and allow for efficiency and effectiveness of EU funded operations. A regional approach to
a Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre would improve the coordination in the Central Mediterranean in
conducting SAR operations and support the fight against migrant smuggling and trafficking in human

 

Page 3 of 30

beings networks in Libya and Tunisia. This is due to the fact that many vessels departing from Libya
cross Tunisian waters requiring an intervention by the Tunisian Maritime authorities. A regional
approach to support the establishment of a Training Academy could equally have positive spill-over
effects, since it would allow a coherent training approach and the pooling of scarce resources.

The Action is based on the (draft) MIP outline — Multi-Country Migration Programme for the Southern
Neighbourhood: Strengthening migration and asylum governance and management and is linked to
priority area 2: “Strengthening migration and asylum governance and management’, which will be a key
element to building mutually beneficial partnerships. Within this priority area, a specific objectives
focuses on ‘strengthening border management actions as part of a wider migration dialogue with partner
countries with a focus on cross-border cooperation, whereby activities support the sustainable
development of state institutions for border management in fragile border areas, involving the private
sector, CSOs, and border communities, as well as institutional capacity to effectively carry out SAR
operations at sea and in the desert’. This provides the ground for this proposed Action in Libya and
Tunisia to support the development of the training capacity of Coast guards and authorities responsible
for Coast Guard Functions as well as the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre, which is responsible for
organising and coordinating Search and Rescue operations at sea.?

It is planned that the Action will be implemented in Indirect Management via contracts with specialised
Commission agencies, national authorities of EU Member States and/or International Organisations.

The overall objective of the Action is to support the development of border management institutions to
improve the Search and Rescue operations and the fight against migrant smuggling and trafficking of
human beings in Libya and Tunisia.

The specific objectives are divided between a Libya component and a Tunisia component.
Libya component

Libya remains the major hub for irregular migrants on their perilous joumeys towards Europe across the
Central Mediterranean route. Even though figures remain substantially lower than in 2016-2017, the total
number of arrivals in Europe via the Central Mediterranean Route in 2020 reached again more than
36,000, compared to roughly 15,000 arrivals in the same period in 2019 (145% increase). This increasing
trend has continued in 2021.

There are two specific objectives with related outputs and activities:

1. The establishment of a Border Guard Training Academy (SO1)
2. The upgrade of the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (SO2)

Tunisia component

The proposed Action is formulated against the background that irregular migration from Tunisia to
Europe increased significantly in 2020 compared to 2019. Tunisian security and defence forces
intercepted 11,770 irregular migrants in the country’s littoral areas, and off its shores. Similarly, the
authorities in Italy recorded the arrival of 14,719 migrants from Tunisia. Together, these figures represent
the biggest surge since the months that followed the 2011 revolution and latest data confirm that this
trend has risen significantly in 2021.

There are three specific objectives with related outputs and activities:

 

* Both the Tunisian and Libyan Government have welcomed the concept oftheAD.
Page 4 of 30

1. Support the Tunisian Garde Nationale Maritime’s training infrastructure (Training Academy) (SO3)
2. Support the establishment of a Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (SO4)

3. Complete the integrated coastal surveillance system (SO5)

 

2. RATIONALE
2.1 General Context
Libya component

The action is aligned with the partnership approach of the Joint Communication on a Renewed Partnership
with the Southern Neighbourhood, adopted on 9 February 2021°, where migration and mobility are
indicated as a priority areas. It thus falls within the Multi-Country Migration Programme for the Southern
Neighbourhood (MCMP) and responds to priority area 2: ‘Strengthening migration and asylum governance
and management’, which will be a key element to building mutually beneficial partnerships. Within this
priority area, a specific objectives focuses on ‘strengthening border management actions as part of a wider
migration dialogue with partner countries with a focus on cross-border cooperation, whereby activities
support the sustainable development of state institutions for border management in fragile border areas,
involving the private sector, CSOs, and border communities, as well as institutional capacity to effectively
carry out SAR operations at sea and in the desert”*. In line with the renewed EU action plan against migrant
smuggling (2021-2025), this action also fits into the future Anti-Smuggling Operational Partnerships to be
developed with Libya and Tunisia.

The action is built upon the continuous dialogue with the Libyan authorities involving the European
Union’s Integrated Border Assistance Mission to Libya (EUBAM) and the EU Delegation. There is
agreement that strengthening the current training facilities and enhancing Search and Rescue capacities are
crucial to the improvement of the migration governance and integrated border management in Libya. The
Action is in line with the previous commitments under the Support to the Integrated Border and Migration
Management in Libya Phase I and II, implemented by the Italian Ministry of Interior under the EU
Emergency Trust Fund for Africa — North of Africa window (EUTF-NOA) for a total value of EUR 57.2
m. In this programme the establishment of a container based and a mobile Maritime Rescue Coordination
Centre (MRCC) are foreseen, as well as supporting the training of land border guards under a delegated
agreement with IOM. The importance of the training of staff was presented through a training matrix by
EUBAM in May 2021. In the original Action Document for the second phase of the Support to the
Integrated Border and Migration Management in Libya, there was a component to develop a training
academy, which was aborted due to the onset of the COVID-19 crisis and the need to liberate funds.

The surge in violence in Libya in April 2019 had severely affected institutional unity and overall stability
in Libya. The UN Special Representative of the Secretary-General's three-step plan and the subsequent
international conference held on 19 January 2020 in Berlin paved the way forintra-Libyan talks and conflict
resolution. Elections have been announced for the 24 December 2021 and a Ceasefire Agreement was
signed on 23 October 2020, although its provisions (notably the withdrawal of all foreign fighters and the
setup of a ceasefire monitoring mechanism) have not yet fully materialised.

The security situation has improved in recent months since the attack on Tripoli was repelled by the forces
of the Government of National Accord (GNA), but it remains fragile. Despite efforts to stop the violations
of the UN arms embargo, foreign interference has continued with significant Turkish and Russian military

3 COM (2020) 609 final - Communication on aNew Pact on Migration and Asylum https://eur-
lex.europa.eu/resource.html?uri=cellar:85ff8b4f-ff13-11ea-b44f-01aa75ed71a1.0002.02/DOC 3&format=PDF, 23 September 2020

* This measure is expected to fall under the scope of Multi Country Migration Programme for the Southern Neighbourhood - Multi annual
indicative programme 2021- 2027 (under approval).

> COM(2021)591 final.

Page 5 of 30

presence and the deployment of foreign mercenaries. Social unrest due to water and fuel shortage and
frequent power cuts has an impact on the overall security situation. Partly due to the loss of income from
the oil industry, the living conditions of the population are deteriorating, exacerbated by the COVID-19
pandemic. Border management, counter-terrorism and fight against organised crime continue to suffer from
low technical and human capacities as well as the overall lack of good governance. The current situation is
likely to continue hampering the peace process in Libya.

Libya has historically been a country of destination for labour migrants mainly arriving from neighbouring
countries (Niger, Egypt, Chad and Sudan) but as well from the Hom of Africa and other countries of origin
such as Bangladesh. Currently, the largest migrant population lives in urban centres in Tripoli, Ejdabia,
Misrata, Awwawya, Murzugq and Sebha. IOM’s Displacement Tracking Matrix (DTM) Migrant
Information Report (Round 36 covering March and April 2021), identifies 591,415 migrants from over 43
nationalities in all 100 Libyan municipalities with an employment rate of 78% (slightly below pre-pandemic
levels: 83% but higher than in June 2020: 71%). The average gender/age breakdown shows: men (80%),
women (10%) and children (10%) (accompanied 8%, unaccompanied 2%).

The socio-economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, combined with the fragile situation and
crises in the countries of origin and transit in the North African region, are factors that risk aggravating the
evolution of irregular migration and forced displacement. Irregular migration to Europe in the Central
Mediterranean, especially from Libya, has significantly increased in 2021. As of 17 June, arrivals to Italy
are 18,170, compared to 5,696 in the same period in 2020 (133% increase), and 2,184 in the same period
in 2019. The Libyan Coastguard and Navy (LCG&N, Ministry of Defence) continued to be active in the
conduct of search and rescue operations, while the General Administration for Costal Security (GACS,
Ministry of Interior) stepped up its SAR interventions towards the end of 2020 following receipt of
renovated SAR vessels. As of 10 June, a total of 10,454 refugees and migrants have been reported as
rescued/ intercepted by the Libyan Coast Guard and disembarked in Libya in 2021, which is almost
equivalent to the yearly total of 2020 (11,646). Itis highly likely that this upward trend will continue in the

next months.
Italy Malta Libya (CMR)
2016

2016 181,436 14,182 4,581
2017 119,370 18,900 2,853
d)

2019 11,469 3,405 9,225 1,262
2020 34,154 2,281 11,646

2021
(until 20 | 19,369 u in | 10,454 679
June)

In 2020, the number of migrants dead and missing at sea, while still unacceptably high, was below 1,000
for the first time since 2014. This confirms that the EU’s approach of ‘saving lives first’ and the support to
develop search & rescue (SAR) capacities of Libyan authorities has had a positive impact. Joumeys across
the Central Med remain extremely dangerous and effective SAR a humanitarian imperative. With the trend
of increasing departures from Libya, the fatalities at sea are again on the rise. Incident analysis along the
Libyan coast between November 2020 and March 2021 has shown that not only lack of assets but late
response, lack of coordination and communication has contributed to failures in rescue and has led to high
numbers of people who deceased. In our assessment, the development of the capacity of the MRCC and
establishing firm partnerships will lead to a buy-in from the Libyan authorities. The delivery of equipment
under the ‘Support to the Integrated Border and Migration Management in Libya’ — SIBMMIL programme

Y
2018 23,370 1,445 15,428 1,314

 

Page 6 of 30

is limited to technical training on equipment. A gainst this background further intense and long-term support
to the capacity development of the MRCC is imperative.

Tunisia component

The action builds upon a request by the Tunisian Authorities t0 DG NEAR’s Head of the Task Force
Migration on 14 May 2020 to support components 1 and 2 of the current Action. Component 3 was added
following a Technical Committee meeting on the feasibility study of the Border Management Programme
implemented by ICMPD, which took place on the 4 June 2021 at the premises of the Garde National
Maritime (GNM). The meeting showed that the Programme’s aim, building an integrated coastal
surveillance system of the Tunisian coast, would require more time and budget for implementation.

It builds upon the ongoing interventions, lessons learned and emerging needs of the EU and Tunisia under
the EUTF-NOA. The proposal is in line with the implementation and extension of the Border Management
Programme, implemented by ICMPD under two contracts between 2018 and 2024. It also builds on
activities and results achieved under the Security Sector Reform programme (PARMSS) and includes the
building of Command & Control Centres at the border with Libya and Algeria as well as the provision of a
significant equipment and training package benefiting the Tunisian police and National Guard, amongst
other internal security forces. Finally, it draws-on the regional programme SAFEMED, implemented by
the European Maritime Safety Agency between 2016 and 2022 and which arranges the establishment of
procedures for international cooperation between the Mediterranean countries for safe passage at sea.

Relations between the EU and Tunisia on migration are old and deep, and regular migration largely
dominates migration flows. EU cooperation on migration has followed a comprehensive and balanced
approach as part of a broader partnership with the country. Support has been given to Tunisia’s draft
National Strategy on Migration and Asylum as well as to socio-economic integration of migrants, legal
migration, the fight against migrant smuggling and Integrated Border Management. There has also been
support for vulnerable people and those in need of international protection. Regular migration to the EU is
key for Tunisia. According to Tunisian sources, 11% of Tunisians (1.4 million including binational
Tunisians) reside abroad, including 90% in Europe (more than 60% in France, almost 17% in Italy and 5%
in Germany).

However, the current Action is formulated against the background that irregular migration from Tunisia to
Europe increased significantly in 2020. Tunisia is an important country of origin, transit and destination for
migrants. Irregular migration on the Central Mediterranean Route, which had decreased significantly
between 2017 and 2019, increased substantially in 2020: departures from Tunisia were up almost 4 times
in 2020 compared to 2019.

Tunisian security and defence forces intercepted 11,770 irregular migrants in the country’s littoral areas,
and off its shores. Similarly, the authorities in Italy recorded the arrival of 14,719 migrants from Tunisia.
Together, these figures represent the biggest surge since the months that followed the 2011 revolution and
current data suggest that this trend will rise significantly in 2021. Irregular migrants departing from Tunisia
are overwhelmingly Tunisian nationals. In 2020, they accounted for 77% of all migrants intercepted/
rescued by Tunisian security and defence forces. However, the number of foreign migrants attempting to
cross from Tunisia to Europe rose substantially in 2020 compared to previous years. Embarkation points
were overwhelmingly concentrated in the south-central govemorate of Sfax, followed by Greater Tunis,
Nabeul and Mahdia. Irregular migration from Tunisia to Europe in 2020 was facilitated, in part, by the
operations of relatively small and localised human smuggling networks. A growing numbers of young
Tunisians are also choosing to ‘self-smuggle’, adding a level of complexity for the Tunisian authorities in
their attempts to control irregular migration. The Tunisian authorities, notably the Garde Nationale
Maritime and the Service National de Surveillance Cötiere, are very active in Search and Rescue operations

Page 7 of 30

and in prevention of irregular departures, until 5 June 5,514 migrants were intercepted and 2,113 arrived in
Italy from Tunisia®.

The reasons for the 2020 surge in migration from Tunisia
are complex, due to acomplex interplay of economic and
social factors, including a worsening economic situation

at home, poor career options, social repercussions of
. unemployment or underemployment. The COVID-19
pandemic had an impact on migration by exacerbating
pre-existent trends, rather than acting as a standalone
J | ı | catalyst. The latest data confirm that irregular migration
Gm mn u Li L un anen  lnn Lue en a in 2021 will exceed the figures of 2020.
The sea route from Tunisia remains one of the most
dangerous in the world. Shipwrecks and drownings are common occurrences. In 2020 more than 1,200
people died in the Mediterranean, according to the IOM. In the first three quarters of 2021, the Tunisian
security services intercepted/ rescued close to 15,000 people, a sharp increase compared to the same period
in 2020. Collusion between traffickers and certain security entities remains a reality. Italy is in constant
dialogue with the Tunisian authorities to fight trafficking linked to irregular migration.

2.2 Problem Analysis
Priority Area and sectors
This part is applicable for both Tunisia and Libya:

The Action is based on the (draft) MIP outline — Multi-Country Migration Programme for the Southern
Neighbourhood: “Strengthening migration and asylum governance and management”, and is linked to
priority area 2: “Strengthening migration and asylum governance and management’, which will be a key
element to building mutually beneficial partnerships. Within this priority area, a specific objectives focuses
on ‘strengthening border management actions as part of a wider migration dialogue with partner countries
with a focus on cross-border cooperation, whereby activities support the sustainable development of state
institutions for border management in fragile border areas, involving the private sector, CSOs, and border
communities, as well as institutional capacity to effectively carry out SAR operations at sea and in the
desert’.

The Action has two components that support the development and enhancement of state institutions in
Libya and Tunisia through a Training Academy and aMRCC. Separately, it will focus on the completion
of the integrated surveillance network along the coast in different contracts with specialised Commission
or EU Member States agencies in Libya.

Short problem analysis:
Libya component
The action builds on a request by the Ministry of Interior of the Government of National Unity on 17 April

2021 to EUBAM to develop a sustained training program for staff of the Ministry of Interior. A EUBAM
supported mission further discussed this early June 2021 and a training matrix was subsequently developed.

6 Losing Hope. Why Tunisians are leading the surge of irregular migration to Europe (2020-2021), report by Global Initiative against
transnational organised crime of December 2021.

Page 8 of 30

The establishment of a training academy is in coherence with the provisions of the White Paper on
Integrated Border Management, which has been developed by the Libyan National Team for Border
Security and Management and EUBAM. The White Paper proposes a coherent set of measures aimed at
preparing Libya for the implementation of a fully-fledged border security and management structure and
system in the hands of the Libyan state.

Currently SAR activities are a responsibility of Libyan Coast Guard and Port Security (Navy under the
Ministry of Defence), which is in charge for managing the MRCC. GACS and other authorities contribute
with their personnel to increase the interagency coordination. The training of staff under the Libyan
Ministry of Interior (Mol) for both sea and land border management is part of the SIBMMIL project. Asa
part of that action a container based Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre is being placed in Abu Seetha,
the harbour of Tripoli, and a mobile centre will be delivered. However, it has become evident in the
implementation of the SIBMMIL project, which started in December 2017, that in order to enhance the
impact of the Search and Rescue operations organised by the Libyan Coastguard and the General
Administration for Coastal Security under the coordination role by the MRCC, more needs to be done. The
currently proposed objective aims to develop an intensive coaching programme to build upon the additional
assets, which will be delivered under the SIBMMIL project. Capacity building and technical support can
increase the number of people rescued in Search and Rescue activities and rectify shortcomings intensely
criticised by NGOs and European parliament.

An internal Commission assessment study into incident analysis along the Libyan coast between November
2020 and March 2021 has shown that not only lack of assets but late response, lack of coordination and
communication has contributed to failures in rescue and has led to high numbers of people who deceased.
The delivery of equipment under the SIBMMIL needs therefore to be reinforced through a capacity
development component. In this way, the numbers of people rescued in Search and Rescue activities can
be significantly increased, thereby saving many lives that could otherwise be lost. It has also been
demonstrated that closer cooperation is needed between the two operators for Search and Rescue operations
at sea, namely the General Administration for Coastal Security and the Libyan Coast Guard, as well as with
the intemational actors and neighbouring countries.

The proposed objectives are in line with the Options paper of the EU Integrated Approach to supporting
the peace process in Libya, which was presented to the PSC Political and Security Committee on 16 June
2021’.

Tunisia Component

The action builds on a request by the Tunisian A uthorities to the Head of the Task Force Migration on 14
May 2020 to support components 1 and 2 of the current Action. Component 3 was added following a
Technical Committee meeting on the 4 June 2021 at the premises of the Garde Nationale Maritime (GNM)
on the feasibility study of the Border Management Programme implemented by ICMPD, whereby it was
presented that the radar coverage of the Tunisian coast would require more time and budget for
implementation.

It builds upon the ongoing interventions, lessons learned and emerging needs of the EU and Tunisia in the
field of migration, which has focused under the North of Africa Window of the EUTF mainly on sea border
management and strengthening Search and Rescue operations. The project is in line with the
implementation and extension of the Regional Border Management Programme, implemented by ICMPD
under two contracts between 2018 and 2024. It also builds upon the activities and results achieved under
the Security Sector Reform programme (PARMSS), which includes the building of Command & Control
Centres at the border with Libya and Algeria as well as a significant equipment and training injection.
Finally, it is based on the project SAFEMED, which has been implemented by the European Maritime

? EU Integrated Approach to supporting the peace process in Libya - Options paper, WK 7864/2021 INIT, Brussels 14 June 2021.
Page 9 of 30

Safety Agency between 2016 and 2022 and arranges the establishment of procedures for international
cooperation between the Mediterranean countries for safe passage at sea.

Although Tunisia has not yet declared a Search and Rescue zone and does not have an official MRCC, it
coordinates SAR activities through the Operations Centre of the Service National de Surveillance Cötiere
(Tunisian Navy). The bilateral cooperation between Libya and Tunisia in the field of SAR could entail
Standard Operational Procedures to enhance the coordination and a structured mechanism for cooperation
and could include training, warning procedures and operations plans. The concept of such a “regional
approach” should therefore be further investigated and discussed with the authorities of both countries.

More particular, the analysis around the three objectives of the Tunisia component are:
1, Support the Tunisian Garde Nationale Maritime’s training infrastructure (Training Academy)

Future (new) Officers of the GNM undertake their basic training at the Naval Academy and after this pass
the general Officer training course of the Garde Nationale. This training does not include, for instance, the
specific skills and knowledge requirements pertaining to international law in relation to Coast Guard
functions or humanitarian intervention. Currently the GNM training facilities are obsolete and not equipped
with the modem technology needed for an integrated surveillance system on vessels and at the shore to
detect smuggling of goods and illegal trafficking of people. A discussion will be held with the Tunisian
authorities about the alignment with the EU coast guard functions.

Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs) and Basic Ranks pass through the ordinary Garde Nationale courses
before joining the GNM. Both Officers and NCO’s only get certain specific maritime-related training in
the MonastirTraining Centre ofthe GNM. A fully dedicated and equipped Training Facility fornew recruits
and further leaming is a critical stepping-stone to increasing the GNM’s overall efficiency and
effectiveness.

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3 Complete the integrated surveillance system along the Tunisian coast

A feasibility study on the technical specifications as well as the costing of the radar installations along the
Tunisian coast, which forms part of the Border Management in the Maghreb Programme (BMP)
implemented by ICMPD, was conducted from September 2020 till May 2021. One of the main outcomes
was that the project would need more resources and time for implementation. Therefore, component 3
constitutes effectively Phase III of the BMP, which was started in 2018 with a Tunisian component of EUR
25 million as a phase I, was followed up by a top-up under Phase II of EUR 10 million. The current
contribution allows the project to be completed according to the feasibility study.

Page 10 of 30