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Biometrics on the Move
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Overview of contactless biometrics Biometric   Advantage         Disadvantage             Pre-           Use Case enrolment Voice       •  Ideal for      •  Uniqueness?           •  Always      •  Pre-travel mobile Fingerprint •  Very unique    •  Need a free hand      •  Only if not •  ABC with •  Present in        within touch distance    in eID or      eID or visa some eIDs      •  Incompatibility with     eID is not contact FP?              available Iris        •  Very unique    •  Sunglasses            •  Always      •  ABC + on- •  Crowds         •  Light/angles                            the-move •  Distance Face        •  Always in eID  •  Uniqueness?           •  Only if eID •  Pre-travel •  Crowds         •  Sunglasses               not         •  ABC •  Distance       •  Light/angles             available   •  Gateless •  Subject can be                                         •  Land unaware                                                   borders Others      •  ?              •  ?                     •  ?           •  ?
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Contactless video based m:n Face Recognition ⃰       How does it work? ⃰     How powerful is it? ⃰   Restrictions and challenges ⃰ Application for borders Gemalto Live Face Identification System 3
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How does m:n work? STEP 1: An IP camera takes let’s say 25 frames per second STEP 2: System saves say 1 in 5 frames and makes a scene from them STEP 3: These several (m) images of 1 person are formed to make a model and are matched against models of many (n) people in the hot list Model                                               Database Matching MATCH 4
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Demo of system (colleagues in our London Office) 5
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How powerful is it?                                               More than 1,000 cameras Template creation in Capture to                      <500ms match 1 within Hot + White lists 1 second of more than 1,000,000 faces Accuracy >98% (<2% FRR at 0.1% FAR) 12 faces Fully centralised recognisable from system each camera view management All performance data here was measured in controlled conditions using ideal equipment 6
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Capture to Match in under 1 second Live Videos                                                  Alerts Watchlist Video      Face      Face  Template   Model                Score            Record H.264                                         Matching            Analysis        History Tracking   Image  Modeling MPG4 MJEPG … 10-40 ms       10-100 ms       300-600 ms           10-300 ms             10 ms GPU                                 0.5M/S Total ~500-1000 ms Data here was measured in controlled conditions using ideal equipment 7
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Accuracy                           Biometric accuracy is expressed as x% False Reject Rate (FRR) at y% False Acceptance Rate (FAR) Pass score                         In our internal tests Gemalto’s LFIS system (v4.5) produces 1.95% FRR at 0.1% FAR Means: FRR                      FAR       ⃰   Using a pass score of 2,900 points where 1 person in 1,000 is falsely accepted across the border, ~2 people in 100 will need to be referred to a border guard for checking ⃰ Using a pass score of 3,000 points where 1 person in 10,000 is falsely accepted across the border, ~4 people in 100 will need to be referred to a border guard for checking In tests, human border guards miss ~5-10%, depending on ethnicity of traveller 8
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Restrictions and Challenges Restriction                                 Solution Face needs to be visible                    Need to remove helmets/sunglasses Lighting                                    Darkfighter/Lightfighter* cameras to handle poor illumination Face at a long distance                     48 pixels between the eyes is achievable with multiple high res cameras Angle of pitch and pose from camera to face Position cameras carefully Need an algorithm not restricted at 15 degree angles Fast moving faces                           Faster shutter speed Density of crowd                            Good algorithm Using existing cameras                      HD or better, ONVIF compliant cameras are generally needed • Darkfighter and Lightfighter are camera brand names from HIKVision. Other brands are available 9
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Scenario 1: Border desk or e-kiosk/e-gate 1:1:1 match 10
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