Activity ID                                                                   Expected results                                                                     HR             FR(*) TRU-04         Effective and productive cooperation and sharing of information between Frontex and its stakeholders. Increased capacities in third countries.       5            663,551 Grants awarded. Delivered results -   enhanced cooperation with stakeholders, enlarged PA network, including third countries; -   a study tour to enhance cooperation between EU and Western Balkan Border and Coast Guard training institutions has been carried out; -   five joint projects of European border and coast guards training institutions financed for development of products and tools for training related to the Integrated Border Management. Activity ID                                                                  Expected results                                                                     HR              FR TRU-05         -    Quality assurance and certification programme developed. Training the trainers and course design, courses delivered, trainers and               8           1,414,531 curriculum designers trained. -    Quality assurance of business processes through automated monitoring and SPC (statistical process control) measures, KPIs and metrics established for quality assurance and business process improvement. Training Needs Assessment Report published. -    Optimised eLearning solutions based on projections and modelling of needs. Implementation of VR/AR technologies as regular eLearning components. Delivered results -   trainers’ certification programme developed and delivered; 31 subject matter experts certified. -   course Design using the SQF for BG delivered and 24 curriculum designers trained. -   Frontex’s Training Quality Assurance System developed and implemented as a pilot, resulting in increased credibility, accountability, transparency and international recognition of Frontex’s training courses. -   streamlined and standardised educational quality processes. -   seven vocational courses for border and coast guards internationally validated. -   seven courses held, totalling 170 benefitting learners. -   online English course for border and coast guards produced and launched (1,050 enrolled in the August-December period). Activity ID                                                                   Expected results                                                                     HR             FR(*) TRU-06         Training products, training capacities increased, trained officers.                                                                                  1            314,900 Delivered results                              (*) FR committed as per 31/12/2018, including costs of events planned for Q1 2019 and contracts for services running until September 2019 -   Educational board game ‘The border quest’ produced. -   Annual Training Conference organised and held. -   Logistics and catering provided for training activities hosted in Warsaw. 140

4.8. Research and Innovation  RIU-1 Harmonisation and standardisation of the EU Member States' border control capacities: The activities in the area of Harmonisation and Standardisation aim at driving the process of harmonisation and development of best practices and standards in border control, both operational and technical, in line with the existing and future EU measures in order to increase security and enhance travel facilitation at the borders.  RIU-2 Development and technical assistance: The activities under the Development and Technical Assistance Project aim at maintaining, strengthening and further developing border management capacities and capabilities by providing technical assistance to Frontex’s stakeholders (EC, EU Member States, EU Agencies, third countries), through the delivery of innovative solutions, including by implementing pilots and proof of concepts, with a view to facilitating the implementation and effective application of EU border management policies and initiatives.  RIU-3 Technology assessment and acquisition: The technology assessment and acquisition area integrate activities aimed at performing the operational assessments of the effectiveness of the border control systems and technologies. This includes tests and demonstrations of systems and technologies that have already achieved a high level of technology readiness and the implementation of technical feasibility studies in areas relevant for border control. The results collected can be further translated in tender specifications to support the acquisition of technical equipment by Frontex and/or the Member States.  RIU-4 Border security research: The activities pertaining to the border security research area aim to strengthen the monitoring and contribution of Frontex to the European Border Security Research and Innovation, and to coordinate and enhance the activity and involvement of the border guard community in this field. 141

Activity ID                                                                  Expected results                                                                       HR             FR(*) RIU-01                                                                                                                                                               4            336,241 -    best practices and technical guidelines on different aspects pertaining to border control developed; -    needs regarding border management capacities and capabilities identified. Delivered results Development of capability tools and practices in the field of Automated Border Control (ABC):     revision of the two trainers manuals on ABC systems − ‘Vulnerability Assessment and Testing for ABC System’ and ‘ABC Systems Training for First Line Officers’ − was concluded; The revised trainers’ manuals are currently being used in support of the to the development of a Training on Vulnerability Assessment on ABC Systems (to be delivered in 2019);     ABC survey overview and report: the survey was conducted among MSs and the report was delivered in Q4 2018;     workshop on risk management and mitigation of ABC and biometric systems was organised in January 2018. Fifty-two experts from twenty-two MSs participated at the event;     risk management and mitigation framework for ABC and biometrics systems developed. Report was distributed to MS and internal business units;     technical expert meeting with experts from seven MS and selected Frontex business units was organised to share the best practices and exchange of operational performance data of ABC systems implemented in the EU. The meeting took place in February 2018.     training on vulnerability assessment and testing of ABC systems for Schengen evaluators. External subject matter and SQF expertise contracted for the development and execution of training in 2019.     draft report on common procurement guidelines for ABC systems finalised. Revision and publication planned in 2019.     development of capability tools and best practices for MSs to support harmonisation of the EU border control capacities: the activity concerning the development of a methodology for testing and assessing the performance of document inspection systems was successfully concluded on 21 December 2018. Publication of the report (Limited) is planned for Q1 2019.     contribution to the European and international standardisation and harmonisation activities in the area of border security;     participation and contribution to ICAO TRIP Symposium, participation and contribution to the Article 6 (EC) delivered contribution to international conferences focusing on biometric technology, associated vulnerabilities, technical standards, document fraud and other topics which includes the Face Performance Conference organised by National Institute of Science and Technology, Cyber Security Conference, Research Project Conference, BIOSIG, and CEN meeting;     development of minimum technical requirements for technical equipment for maritime equipment; the activity concerning the development of a technical report on the minimum technical and operational requirements for maritime equipment is being finalised and is expected towards the end of March 2019. Publication of the report (Limited) is planned for Q2 2019.     support development and operational implementation of the EES and ETIAS in Member States; and eu-LISA and European Commission in timely implementation of the EES project;     Frontex organised a workshop, ‘Getting It Right: Harmonised implementation of the Entry/Exit System (EES) at the external borders’;     During Austrian Presidency, together with eu-LISA Frontex co-organised a conference on ‘EU Borders − Getting Smarter through Technology’. 142

Activity ID                                                                   Expected results                                                                       HR             FR(*) RIU-02                                                                                                                                                                4            73,221 -    Innovative solutions and development-oriented technical assistance delivered to Frontex’s stakeholders contributing to the evolution of border management capacities and capabilities; -    Evaluation reports of the pilot projects implemented on matters covered by the European Border and Coast Guard Regulation. Delivered results Technical assistance to Member States and EU institutions:     Following the last two meetings of the Advance Information Working Group, information package was presented to the Informal Working Group on PNR and to the European Commission. The activity benefited from the good cooperation with RAU and Europol.     Technical expertise on the Feasibility Study for a Centralised Mechanism and interactive API was provided on a regular basis to the European Commission. RIU reviewed the terms of reference, contractor’s contract, and the different versions of the five deliverables (Feasibility Study Report; Business Case; Report on Data Protection Legal Aspects and Privacy Impact Assessment; Resources requirements). The European Commission expects Frontex to continue providing technical expertise in this regard.     Technical expertise was provided to the internal ETIAS working group.     Technical support was provided to requesting Member States as regards their border management operations thanks to Frontex’s operational research tool. The tool was given to one Member State who received training on its use. The simulation tool was purchased for RIU-2 staff who had been trained on it.     Technical expertise was provided to the EU-funded research projects through the evaluation of the projects’ deliverables. Awareness was raised about Frontex activities as regards industry (BODEGA).     Technical expertise was provided to different business units. Technical assistance to third countries:     IPA II: Implementation of the Action Plans and selected priority areas started taking place in 2018. Also, several working visits in selected beneficiary countries have been held in order to monitor the implementation of agreed actions. Later in 2018, the main emphasis was put on assessment in the field of IT technologies and solutions dedicated to the management of mixed migration flows in order to put forward concrete proposals for upgrading the existing national systems and establishing national integrated border management information systems connecting all relevant authorities in respective countries. It has been agreed that this assessment will be provided through the delivery of a feasibility study. The feasibility study has been successfully launched in December 2018.     Bosnia and Herzegovina Emergency Measures Action Plan to Combat Illegal Migration: Frontex provided support to strengthen the material and technical equipment of the BiH Service for Foreigners' Affairs, by purchasing automatic readers of biometric data.     A Conference on Advance Information in the EU for Western Balkan countries was organised. The objective was to provide these countries with an overview of the collection and processing of advance information in the EU law enforcement context. 143

Activity ID                                                                  Expected results                                                                         HR              FR(*) RIU-03         Enhanced operational border control capacities within EU through the use of state-of-the-art technologies.                                               4            3,049,100 Delivered results Activities implemented -   Trial of one Remotely-Piloted Aircraft System for long endurance Maritime Aerial Surveillance was conducted by Frontex RIU in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, with the crucial support of the hosting Member State: Greece. All scheduled flights were carried out yielding the following important results: RPAS can perform efficiently Coast Guard Function missions. -   A pilot activity in support of RAU was initiated to assess already existing maritime analysis tools − maritime ‘big data’, and the capacity to exploit this data to produce information of interest for border/coast guard and law enforcement authorities. -   A pilot activity under Copernicus was conducted to assess the feasibility of a potential new Copernicus service aiming to detect fast-go vessels wakes in specific areas of the Mediterranean Sea. This activity was carried out in close cooperation with FSC and RAU. -   Upon request of Member States, a workshop with the industry and Member States on Border Control Devices and Systems for Entry/Exit was organised. It related to registration equipment and systems which could be deployed at border crossing points to comply with the EES regulation. -   The aim of the ‘biometrics-on-the-move technology’ (BOM) pilot project is to test the feasibility and potential of ‘biometrics-on-the-move technology’ for the verification of the identity of travellers’ technology for border checks. The procurement procedure was launched in December 2018. -   support provided upon request − 2018 ISF Specific Actions for Frontex equipment (maritime domain) − participation in the development of the minimal requirements for OPV, CPV and CPB; -   participation in the technical subcommittee on sharing of information and surveillance services in line with the Tripartite Working Arrangement (TWA) − members appointed by ED − tools by which the three Agencies can manage the cooperation at a technical level and implement the annual strategic plan. -   implementation (Frontex-EFCA Stakeholder Group Meeting on the European cooperation on Coastguard Functions with the focus on the Mediterranean Sea) – to update the end users of both communities on the current state of play as regards maritime surveillance-related projects regarding coast guard functions and implementation of the TWA. -   first working visit in Albania to support Maritime Surveillance capacity enhancement; -   based on the request received from the Albanian Department for Border and Migration, the Maritime Surveillance Team from RIU provided assistance as regards the technical specifications for maritime surveillance radar. Activities delayed, trial of a second Remotely-Piloted Aircraft System for long endurance Maritime Aerial Surveillance was conducted by Frontex RIU in the Central Mediterranean Sea, with the crucial support of the hosting Member State: Italy. Flights were delayed and the contract extended into 2019. Activity ID                                                                  Expected results                                                                         HR               FR 144

RIU-04        -    a) Finalised preparations for implementing art. 37- ‘Research and innovation’ of the new Frontex’s Regulation and starting the                  1           96,586.60 implementation of the Delegation Agreement between Frontex and the EC concerning agreed projects pertaining to the work programme 2018−2020 of Horizon 2020; -    b) Increased Frontex’s and MSs’ awareness and knowledge on border security research and innovation/latest border control technologies available, and contribute to research results useful for the border guard community; border guard community better bridged with the communities involved in research, innovation and in developing border security; -    c) Solutions identified for a rethinking of the current status quo on managing/setting up security related research and potential implementation in practice; -    d) Explored possibilities for cross-border joint procurement of border security equipment/services. Delivered results a. Following several meetings at technical level (DG Home − Frontex), a meeting between the management of the Capacity Building Division (Frontex) and Migration, Mobility and Innovation Directorate (DG Home) to discuss on the theme of border security research and innovation took place on 7 September 2018. Both sides agreed that in view of a broader capacity development process within Frontex, in the light of the forthcoming new Regulation and in view of ongoing discussions on Horizon Europe, it is appropriate to reach a mutual understanding and to concretise how to implement the current article 37 (related to research and innovation) of the Frontex’ mandate. The importance of having research brought closer to operations was also mentioned, this being the only way to ensure that expenditure on research can effectively lead to a useful output and ultimately attract investment. Mutual understanding was reached that Frontex should:     provide technical and operational direction for the European Border and Coast Guard (EBCG) domain in line with the EC policy priorities;     contribute to the programming exercise;     contribute to the evaluation of the submitted proposals under Horizon calls;     participate in project monitoring and steering by acting as a key player in the procurement processes. In 2018, the project manager coordinated Frontex’s involvement (at the request of the EC) in the evaluation of the proposals received under the WP 2018 of Horizon 2020 and participated together with other Frontex representatives as evaluator in this process. b. Objective achieved through: - the bi-annual meetings with the industry and coordinating the dialogue with companies/research community on different topics; - the workshop on EU-funded border security research projects; - the workshop on border security research and innovative solutions/technologies. c. Solutions provided in the study of border security research elaborated by Rand institute (UK) were analysed and certain proposals will be taken on board; the recent change in the RIU’s structure model gives already the new orientations for managing/setting up security-related research and a synergic effect of all the actions undertaken to enhance the research component. A study on joint cross-border procurement was outsourced to Corvers and Vtrek (NL); a workshop on this theme, with the MSs border guard authorities and Frontex, was held. The study was delivered to Frontex and presented internally. 145

4.9. Situation monitoring    FSC-1 Eurosur Fusion Services/Copernicus: In accordance with the EUROSUR regulation, provision of European Situational Picture (ESP) and Common Pre-Frontier Intelligence Picture (CPIP) based on (close to) real-time monitoring. This includes the delivery of surveillance and environmental data under Eurosur Fusion Services umbrella supporting immediate decision- making process and situational awareness. o Provision of situation monitoring services to Frontex and its stakeholders, including other EU institutions such as Europol and the support to the EU Policy Cycle/EMPACT. o Fusion of services and data to support the implementation of European Coast Guard Functions.    FSC-2 Enhancement and integration of Eurosur capabilities and services: Enhancement and integration of services in order to support situational awareness and reaction capabilities.    Further development and implementation of the European Border Surveillance Framework (EUROSUR) and promoting the operational integration of EUROSUR into border control and surveillance activities across the EU.    FSC-3 Coordinated European Monitoring Services: Delivery of real-time monitoring services for Frontex and its stakeholders, by establishing a European Monitoring Hub in Frontex HQ. o Provision of real-time monitoring services on EU external borders and pre-frontier areas. o Contributing to the creation of the European Situational Picture in order to: -   support operational activities coordinated by the Agency in third countries; -   assure centralised command and control/coordination of Agency’s monitoring activities in pre-frontier areas; -   establish and enhance collaboration with external stakeholders (i.e. MSs, European Union Agencies, bodies, offices, etc.); -   offer real-time situational awareness; -   promote a common, centralised-EU level- command and control mechanism to facilitate the inter-agency implementation of the CG functions    FSC-4 Copernicus delegation agreement management: Implementation of Copernicus programme, including horizontal coordination of Copernicus-related initiatives and related activities in the Earth Observation domain.    FSC-5 European Monitoring Hub/Delivery of Frontex’s Situational Picture: o delivery of situation monitoring and Information Exchange Services and related service management support. o delivery of enhanced operational media monitoring services. o establishment of a 24/7 Duty Officer Service. o upgrade of Frontex’s situation monitoring infrastructure.    FSC-6 Crisis management support: Fully developed crisis management framework and structure with swift response mechanisms in place.    FSC-8 Liaison Officers to Member States: Please see under Strategic Action Area 2.11. − Liaison Officer in Member States and Third Countries    FSC-9 Information and data management for situational picture: Collection and processing of the Agency operational data for situation monitoring and operational information exchange purposes. Single situational picture for the Agency: a creation of a single hub for handling geospatial imagery information from other EU Agencies and commercial partners. Activity ID                                                                 Expected results                                                                     HR             FR 146

FSC-01          -    The delivery of these products and services contributes to the short-term/immediate decision-making process and situational                     10             8,150,000 awareness, including enhanced reaction capabilities. -    Situation monitoring services contribute to the situational awareness of EU institutions. Delivered results The EFS continued to support Member States and other partners with situation monitoring and information exchange capabilities. In 2018, the EFS contribution included 937 optical satellite images (16% increase), 2,313 vessel detection satellite images (87% increase), 34 reports on tracked vessels of interest (72% decrease), 37 vessels of interest tracked in total (38% decrease), and 491 activated vessel anomaly searches (44% increase). Activity ID                                                                   Expected results                                                                       HR                 FR FSC-02          The services are regularly upgraded, integrated and tailored to the needs of Frontex stakeholders (EU Agencies, MSs and Frontex internal)                       Budgeted under ICT-01 Delivered results Seventeen fully-fledged, tailor-made services delivered on a permanent and upon-request basis. Following feedback received during operational trials, workshops and dedicated meetings, these services have been or are in a process of to be updated to meet the needs of requestor and reflect the technological progress. Increase in service requests in comparison to 2017 by 24%. Activity ID                                                                  Expected results                                                                       HR                 FR FSC-03          Multipurpose real-time monitoring of pre-frontier areas delivered to Frontex and its stakeholders (MS, EU Agencies and other partners).              10             1,000,000 Situational picture and awareness is supported by real-time monitoring services including during multipurpose operations Delivered results Multipurpose Aerial Surveillance (MAS) activities were extended to new geographical areas, and in 2018 covered the Central Mediterranean, the Western Balkans, the Aegean Sea, the Black Sea, and the Atlantic Ocean. For the first time in the Agency’s history, a Remotely-Piloted Aircraft was used to support its activities during MAS surveillance activities south of Portugal. This effort translated to 4,924 migrants being detected in the Central Mediterranean and reported to the competent national authorities for follow-up actions (search and rescue and law enforcement cases) and 635 migrants being spotted inland of the Western Balkans and reported to the competent national authority (cross-border crime cases). Activity ID                                                                   Expected results                                                                       HR                 FR FSC-04          Implementation of Copernicus programme, including horizontal coordination of Copernicus related initiatives and related activities in the             2            8,569,00029 Earth Observation domain. 29 Resources provided by an external grant from the European Commission (DG GROW). 147

Delivered results Delivery of 11 Copernicus services under Frontex Border Surveillance component. Three new analytical services (pro-detect service; large pre-frontier area monitoring and MUSO analytical assessment) added as of mid-2018 (previously under Service Evolution). Regular and ad-hoc reporting in line with the obligations of the delegation agreement. Activity ID                                                                   Expected results                                                                    HR             FR FSC-05           Increased use of situation monitoring and information exchange services by Frontex stakeholders.                                                 30           700,000 Enhanced reaction capabilities for Frontex and its stakeholders, thanks to 24/7 duty service Delivered results In 2018, Frontex launched 24/7 duty service allowing for a round-the-clock monitoring of the situation at the borders and in the pre-frontier areas. Since 1 October, a team of 13 Senior Duty Officers is dedicated to supporting this task. As many as 4,023 situation monitoring reports produced enhanced the situational picture at the borders (14% decrease compared to 2017), 41,039 incidents were detected (4% decrease), reported, and validated in JORA (including 124 serious incidents), 7,848 JORA users were provided with an access to JORA (62% increase), 131 requests for information on operational data were processed by the Senior Duty Officers team, and 6 891 documents were uploaded to FOSS (4% decrease). Activity ID                                                                   Expected results                                                                    HR             FR FSC-06           Crisis management procedures and policies safeguarding the fulfilment of Agency's tasks.                                                          3           500,000 Delivered results Final draft of the Event Response Policy was developed outlining the Agency’s mechanism to cope with emergency type of situations. In September, a two days Frontex’s Crisis Management Exercise was organised with a primary focus on the Strategic Response Team. The aim of this table top exercise was to test Frontex’s Event Response Plan and decision-making processes in crisis scenarios. 148

Activity ID                                                                    Expected results                                                                    HR               FR FSC-09          Unique Frontex situational picture via a central hub.                                                                                               5             500,000 Delivered results In 2018, a decision was made to create the Information Fusion Centre in order to consolidate the capacities of FSC Eurosur Fusion Services Sector and RAU Analytics Sector in addressing a growing internal and external demand for the Eurosur/Copernicus Fusion Services. This demand was reflected in 2018 in the stakeholders’ rising interest in satellite data, vessel tracking information, and Multipurpose Aerial Surveillance. 2018 marked also an enhanced cooperation with EFS stakeholders − EMSA, EFCA and EU SatCen, and an enhanced Copernicus Programme implementation. 4.10 International and European cooperation    IEC-1 Establishing and/or enhancing cooperation with the priority third countries: based on the priorities identified in the Frontex’s International Cooperation Strategy 2018−2020, developing and maintaining cooperation with the priority third countries, particularly those neighbouring the EU and those countries of origin and transit for illegal migration.    IEC-2 Implementation of technical assistance projects in third countries: programme and project management in all phases of the project cycle, acquisition of funds, preparation of new proposals, implementation, monitoring and evaluation. Coordination and implementation of projects funded by external grants under Title IV.    IEC-3 Cooperation with EU Institutions, offices, bodies and agencies and international organisations: developing cooperation with the EU partners as well as international organisations, including through working arrangements, annual cooperation plans, and regular staff-to-staff and strategic meetings.    IEC-4 Frontex Liaison Officers to Member States: Deployment of Liaison Officers to the selected Member States, in order to act as an interface between the Agency and National Border Management Authorities. Concluding respective Memorandums of Understanding between Frontex and the Member States.    IEC-5 Frontex Liaison Officers in third countries: deployment of up to two additional FLOs to the priority third countries. Concluding respective administrative arrangements with the EEAS/EU delegations.    IEC-6 Back-office for the Frontex’s Liaison Officers networks: setting-up and maintenance of a well-functioning back-office to support, monitor and guide the FLOs, analyse and process relevant outcomes of their activities (reports) for the use of various business entities, and facilitate their interaction with the Frontex’s HQ.    IEC-7 International and European Cooperation repository and reporting: periodical reporting to the EU Institutions and bodies on the Agencies’ cooperation with international and European partners; ensuring cross-divisional coordination and implementation of the Frontex International Cooperation Strategy 2018-2020; development of an information repository for engagement with international and European partners; preparing briefings, policy papers, and official correspondence and facilitate visits by partners. 149