[All redactions in the document have been done in line with Art.4.1(b)] Ref. Ares(2021)6044578 - 05/10/2021

• December 2019: European Green Deal • Commitment to climate neutrality by 2050 • Access to resources recognized as a “strategic security question” for Europe • March 2020: New Industrial Strategy • Making industry fit to deliver the green and digital transition • Ecosystems approach, industrial alliances • May 2020: Next Generation EU recovery fund • 750 bn EUR funding for recovery • New focus on resilience • Role of industrial ecosystems in the recovery • September 2020: Critical Raw Materials Resilience - Charting a Path towards greater Security and Sustainability • New critical raw materials’ list • Critical raw materials action plan 2

2020 criticality assessment identifies 30 raw materials

as critical

2020 Critical Raw Materials (new as compared to 2017 in bold)

Antimony
Baryte
Berylliium
Bismuth
Borate
Cobalt
Coking Coal
Fluorspar
Gallium

Germanium

Hafnium

Heavy Rare Earth Elements
Light Rare Earth Elements
Indium

Magnesium

Natural Graphite

Natural Rubber

Niobium

Platinum Group Metals

Phosphate rock

 

Phosphorus
Scandium
Silicon metal
Tantalum
Tungsten
Vanadium
Bauxite
Lithium
Titanium

Strontium

Where the EU sources from

a, =

ae. R- ” r

Ba A - Norway |
Zn u 9: en, _-Sticon metal 30%,

L = - - -

Tr er > ” £ ——_ “ 4

® France

 

FT "5. Gallium 35%
United States . Spain NLUTE
Beryllium* 88% Strontium 100% -
Morocco

Phosphate rock 24% Turkey

     

Guinea. Borates

Bauxite 64%

Mexico m
. Fluorspar 25%

DRC
Cobalt 68%
Tantalum 36%

Brazil -
Niobium 85%

 
 
  

South Africa
Iridium* 92%
Platinum* 71%
Rhodium* 80%
F Ruthenium* 93%

Chile
Lithium 78%

a NN & & Hafnium 84% $ 5
3 a Indium 28%" German

 
   

 

2” Finland ”
Germanium 51% „er“

Antimeny 62% i
IR .-

Kazakhstan
Phosphorus 71

    
  
  
    
 
 

Russia
Palladiumf,40%

oe 38%

= Bismuth 49%

er ° Magnesium 93%
=. Natural graphite 47%
Scandium* 65%

A Titanium* 45%
eo Tungsten* 69%
-Vanadium* 39%

LREES 99%

HREESs 98%

 

 

N Wen Se
Indonesia =, -
Natural rubber 3i%:

   
  

Australia
Coking Coal 24%

* share of global production

Critical raw materials are used throughout Europe‘s
ecosystems

3,06)2
he OUT Electronics Mobility! intensive Renewable [Agri- Digital | Construction
defence Automotive ih VPE Dee) food

EEE | ER A —_—
Beryium 77T NEE EEE BEE

ismn BEE I | En Tr ——
Borate BEE EEE BEE DE HERE EEE
EEE EEE EEE VE VE DEE
EEE EEE EEE
U |

H

li
3
5

Action Plan
on Critical

Raw Materials

 

European
Commission

10 actions to ensure Europe's access to raw materials 1. European Raw Materials Alliance 2. Develop sustainable financing criteria for mining 3. Research and innovation on waste processing, advanced materials and substitution 4. Map the potential supply of secondary CRM from EU stocks and wastes 5. Investment needs for mining projects that can be operational in 2025 6. Develop expertise and skills in mining 7. Deploy Earth observation programmes for exploration, operation and post-closure environmental management 8. Develop research and innovation projects on exploitation and processing of CRMs 9. Develop strategic international partnerships to secure CRMs supply 10. Promote responsible mining practices for CRMs

The European Raw Materials Alliance

A dedicated alliance to strengthen Europe's
resilience and open strategic autonomy in
the field of raw materials

First priority area: Strengthening capacity in
the rare earths and magnets value chain

Workstreams:
1. Consultations with a wide range of stakeholders

2. Raw materials investment platform

Launched on 29 September 2020