The integrated surveillance radar system is a necessary first step for the establishment of an MRCC, which
— in parallel with the establishment of the Search and Rescue zone in front of the Tunisian coast — is part
of this Action. The two elements both contribute to saving lives at sea.

Key cross-cutting issues applicable for Libya and Tunisia:

The Gender Action Plan III® and more specifically the Country Level Implementation Plan (CLIP) for
Tunisia will provide critical elements that will be included throughout the implementation phase, thus
ensuring that gender-specific challenges linked to migrant smuggling and trafficking of human beings, and
irregular migration are addressed under both the Tunisia and Libya component. Around 25% of the migrants
passing through Tunisia from countries that are struck by war, extreme poverty or climate change; while
the majority of the Tunisian migrants come from deprived areas in the South-W est of the country.

Identification of main stakeholders and corresponding institutional and/or organisational issues
(mandates, potential roles, and capacities) to be covered by the action

Libya component
There are different types of stakeholders on the Libyan side:

e Ministry of Interior: General Administration for Coastal Security (GACS); General Administration for
the Security of Border Crossing Points (GASBCP); General Directorate for Combating Illegal
Immigration (DCIM); General Administration for Passport, nationality and Foreign Affairs
Department (PNFAD);

Ministry of Defence: Land Border Guards (LBG) and Libyan Coast Guard and Port Security (LCGPS);
Ministry of Finance: Libyan Customs A dministration (LCA);

Ministry of Transport: Ports and Maritime Transport Authority and Civil Aviation Airport Authority;
Ministry of Communication;

Border Management Working Group;

EU institutions, such as EU Delegation, EUBAM and other EU A gencies;

EU Member States;

EUNAVFORMED Operation Irini;

UN organisations, IOM, UNHCR, UNICEF and their partners (D)NGOs;

ICMPD.

Indirect beneficiaries are migrants stranded at sea, as well as vulnerable migrants and those in need of
international protection at the vessels and the disembarkation points.

Tunisia component

The main stakeholder on the Tunisian side of the action is the Garde Nationale Maritime (GNM) part of
the Garde Nationale Tunisienne (GN) — an integral department of the Tunisian Ministry of Interior. The
GN consists of around 15,000 staff working in 34 districts of which five are specifically forthe GNM. The
effectiveness of the operations of the GNM is the target of ongoing EU support through the Border
Management Programme as well as the Security Sector Reform Programme which focuses on strengthening
land border control.

 

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° EU institutions, such as EU Delegation, EUBAM and other EU Agencies
e EU Member States

Indirect beneficiaries are migrants stranded at sea, as well as migrants in vulnerable situations.

3. DESCRIPTIONOFTHE ACTION
3.1 Objectives and Expected Outputs

The overall objective of the Action is to contribute to the improvement of respective state services through
the institutional development of the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centres and the Border Guard Training
Academies in Libya and Tunisia aiming at improving migration and border management and search and
rescue capacities, in full compliance with core international human rights standards.

The breakdown of specific objectives, outputs and activities is presented for two components separately.
Libya component
This part of the action is divided into two specific objectives:

1. The establishment of an operational Border Guard Training Academy (SO1)
2. The performance of the Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre is improved (SO2)

The outputs in relation to support a Border Guard Training Academy (SO1) are:

1.1 A detailed design plan for the Training Component based on a training needs analysis is developed;

1.2 The physical environment (infrastructure) of the future training academy is upgraded;

1.3 An operational Training Academy with well trained staff, trainees, a curriculum and equipment is in
place;

1.4 The mechanism to facilitate the cooperation of the Libyan authorities with all stakeholders, EU
agencies and neighbouring countries is established;

1.5 Training Academy Staff is fully aware and acting on the basis of core international human rights
standards.

 
   

- centres oftheGACS and LCG and their inter-operability under the MRCC is improved;

2.3. The MRCC is operational 24/7 with trained staff in a refurbished structure with functional equipment
and trained staff;

2.4. The cooperation of the Libyan authorities with all stakeholders, EU agencies and neighbouring
countries is enhanced;

2.5. MRCC staff is fully aware and acting on the basis of core international human rights standards in SAR
operations.

Tunisia component
This part of the Action is divided into three specific objectives:

1. The Tunisian Garde Nationale Maritime’s training infrastructure is improved (Training Academy)
(SO3)

2. The establishment of an operational Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre (SO4)

3. The completed and fully operational integrated coastal surveillance system (SO5)

The outputs in relation to supporting the Coast Guard (GNM) training academy are (SO3):

3.1. A detailed design plan forthe Training Academy including a training needs analysis forthe curriculum,
the training and the refurbishment is in place;

3.2. The physical training environment of the Garde Nationale Maritime is rehabilitated;

3.3. An operational Training Academy with well trained staff, trainees, a curriculum and equipment is in
place;

3.4. The cooperation with the Tunisian authorities with all stakeholders, EU agencies and neighbouring
countries is enhanced;

3.5. Training Academy Staff is fully aware and acting on the basis of human rights standards.

 

The outputs in relation to complete the integrated coastal surveillance system (SO5) are:

5.1. The surveillance system is completed along the Tunisian shore;
5.2. The staff is trained and able to use all the installed equipment.

3.2  INDICATIVE ACTIVITIES

Libya component

The indicative activities related to the five outputs to be delivered by this action for special objective 1, are:
Output 1.1

«e Toconducta (training) needs analysis as well as the requirements of the training academy for land and
sea border quards under all stakeholders referring to existing international best practices.

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Output 1.2
«e To refurbish physical infrastructure.

Output 1.3

e To upgrade the curriculum;

« To deliverthe equipment and IT services necessary to underpin the training;
«e To provide training of trainers on the new curriculum and equipment.

Output 1.4

e To advise on the development of institutional framework and protocols in Libya to cooperate with
neighbouring countries and EU agencies;

«e To promote setting up twinning activities with neighbouring countries and EU MS.

Output 1.5
«e To implement training courses on human rights and the principles of non-refoulement standards.

The indicative activities related to the five outputs to be delivered by this action for special objective 2, are:

Output 2.1
e To conducta (training) needs analysis of the staff as well as the requirements of the MRCC under all
stakeholders.

Output 2.2
e To.advise on the development of institutional framework and protocols in Libya to cooperate between
MRCC and LCG.

Output 2.3

«e To provide refurbishment of the MRCC;

«e To provide additional equipment to MRCC to deliver SAR operations, including training;
e To coach the staff of Libya’s MRCC 24/7 to be able to conduct SAR activities.

Output 2.4

e To introduce and practice Standard Operating Procedures in line with international standards;

«e To train the implementation of specific operating procedures and cooperation agreement between all
international actors in maritime SAR activities.

Output 2.5
«e To implement training courses on human rights and the principles of non-refoulement standards in
SAR operations.

Tunisia component

The indicative activities related to the five outputs to be delivered by this action for special objective 3, are:

Output 3.1

«e To conduct a (training) needs analysis of the training of teaching staff as well as the requirements of
the training academy under all stakeholders referring to existing international best practices.

Output 3.2

e To rehabilitate (or build) physical infrastructure capable of providing all required initial and continued
training for both Officers and NCOs of the GNM;

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«e To upgrade the equipment and IT services;
«e To provide training of trainers modules in the new curriculum and equipment for adequate pre- and in-
service forthe GNM.

Output 3.3
«e To develop advisory services regarding the development of the institutional framework and protocols
allowing for enhanced cooperation with neighbouring countries and EU agencies.

Output 3.4
«e To support twinning arrangements with neighbouring countries and EU MS.

Output 3.5
«e To implement training courses on human rights and the principles of non-refoulement standards.

 

 

   
   

 

T 7

The indicative activities related to the two outputs to be delivered by this action for special objective 5, are:

Output 5.1
«e To construct and deliver equipment of the final part of the Coastal Surveillance Network.

Output 5.2
« To train the staff of the Garde Nationale Maritime.

3.3 Mainstreaming

The provided information applies for Libya and Tunisia.
Environmental Protection, Climate Change and Biodiversity

Outcomes of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) screening
The SEA screening concluded that no further action was required.

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Outcomes of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) screening
The EIA screening classified the action as Category C (no need for further assessment).

Outcome of the Climate Risk Assessment (CRA) screening
The CRA screening concluded that this action is no or low risk (no need for further assessment)

Gender equality and empowerment of women and girls

As per OECD Gender DAC codes identified in section 1.1, this action is labelled G1. This implies that
gender concerns will be mainstreamed in all activities under this action to the extent possible, taking into
account the challenging and sensitive context in which the action will take place. This applies in particular
for gender based awareness during all training activities and will be engrained in the training of the border
guards, whereby the development of a separate gender unit will be advocated.

Human Rights

The proposed action is fully aligned to the existing EU human rights strategies and action plans. An
increased capacity of Libyan and Tunisian authorities in securing their sea borders, preventing irregular
departures of migrants from their coasts and search and rescue has to be accompanied by an increased
awareness of those authorities of the importance to guarantee a treatment of migrants fully compliant with
international obligations and standards. In this perspective, a migration management inspired by the full
respect for human rights and international standards is an across-the-board objective of all activities covered
by the project. The focus on human rights is part of the training and coaching programme, which will be
monitored in the context of this action.

Disability

As per OECD Disability DAC codes identified in section 1.1, this action is labelled as DO. This implies
that the action is not considered relevant for inclusion of persons with disabilities.

Democracy

The action will take a serious and deliberate approach aiming at supporting Libyan counterparts to adhere
to the principles for good governance such participation, inclusion, transparency as well as reinforcing
accountability and contributing to democracy in Tunisia.

Conflict sensitivity, peace and resilience

The action will take a serious and deliberate approach to conflict sensitivity across all activities, including
solid baseline analysis, application of good conflict sensitivity practice in the design and implementation
of the action, and monitoring of conflict sensitivity. As such, the activities planned under the action will
support Libya and Tunisia to address its own fragilities and to strengthen their resilience by supporting
stronger governance of migration and borders policies to reduce unsafe and irregular routes and to support
those in need of protection.

Disaster Risk Reduction

The action is not considered relevant for Disaster Risk Reduction.

3.4 Risks and Lessons Learned

The framework applies for Libya and Tunisia, unless separately mentioned.

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Increased insecurity
and/or political
instabilitiy hamper
implementation of
the action.

External Lack of International
environment | Cooperation

Health risks related
to COVID-19
infections

Capacity
development and
training on EU
provided equipment
is of quality and
appropriate
Activities are
delayed due to
conflicting priorities
of the authorities.
Planning, Delays in the
processes and | execution of
systems construction or
procurement and in
the delivery and
installation of
equipment

If respect for human
riehts and ‘do no

Mitigating measures

The action is coordinated with national
stakeholders; where necessary,
activities can be conducted remotely
(capacity building, technical
assistancee) or prepared remotely
(awareness campaigns) to avoid
significant delays in the
implementation or postponement of the
action. Particularly for Libya the Berlin
peace process and the elections in
December are crucial in the progress of
the Action. It will lead to continuous
consulting with the EU Delegation,
EUMS and all internal stakeholders.
The action will continuously seek
cooperation with international actors,
in particular EUBAM. Particular for
Libya the various actors may have a
direct influence on the progress of the
Action.
The action is coordinated with the
national health authorities; where
necessary, activities can be conducted
remotely (capacity building, technical
assistance) or prepared remotely to
avoid significant delays in the
implementation of the action.
The action can only be implemented by
partners from the EU both for the
delivery of equipment as well as forthe
training; in this way avoiding the risk
that third party organisations use the
equipment for training and other
purposes.
The action is designed to allow
adaptive programming of activities
during implementation to respond to
ing and shifting priorities.

The border authorities are committed to
facilitate the construction and the
procurement process and have the
capacity to provide sufficient support
to the procurement and technical teams.

Active focus on institution building,
and a rights based approach to training

 

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People and
the
organisation

Legality and
regulatory
aspects

harm’ principle and
access to basic
services during and
after SAR
interventions will not
be improved, then it
will further damage
the narrative and
reputation of the EU

The possibility that
persons on the EU
sanctions list have a
presencein the action

Lack of cooperation
between or
responsiveness of
targeted institutions
and staff for
technical assistance
and/or capacity
building activities.

The application SAR
regulations will not
be submitted in time
by the Government
to the IMO in
London.

Lessons Learned:

Libya component

as well as engagement with CSOs and
UN agencies in the intervention will
change the treatment of migrants and
hence positively change the reputation
ofthe EU. The respect for human rights
will influence the image of the Action
for all intemational actors, such as
INGOs and the European parliament.
The EU will continue its dialogue with
the Libyan authorities through all
available channels to enhance the
dialogue on human rights.

The action can only be implemented
with persons who are not on the
sanctions list. This must be a part of the
contractual agreement with the
Implementing Partner on the
implementation of the Action.

The action is designed in coordination
with national stakeholders to ensure
that activities are aligned to national
priorities and needs. Continued policy
dialogue with concerned institutions
will raise the need for engagement of
staff at all levels and the retention of
staff whose capacities have been built
to the extent possible.

Based on the experience of previous
actions in Tunisia, the action will
coordinate closely with technical levels
of Tunisian authorities to proceed with
actions. (eg. the adoption of
administrative decrees in lieu of
legislation, work with government
authorities to submit the application
papers to the IMO).

 

Some general lessons can be learned from previous actions in Libya in this sector.

The persistent political and institutional instability in Libya remains a significant challenge and does
not facilitate the tasks of the implementing organisation. This requires adoption of a flexible approach
reacting to developments trough adjustments in the programme.

The critical security conditions also have an impact on the projects implementation. Normal working

contacts and meetings are difficult and often impossible to organise. Nevertheless, presence on the
ground and building confidence for the implementing partner can make a significant difference.

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The commitment of the Libyan authorities to this project is crucial for the success of the project and
the first phase of the project has in some cases been hampered by the lack of adequate local resources.

The UN agencies and their partners have expressed the need to improve the information exchange and
processing of data from the key Libyan stakeholders. Currently IOM and UNHCR are present at
disembarkation points. The implementation of standard operational procedures related to the
registration, the traceability and humanitarian conditions for migrants and refugees.

The improvement of operational capability of the Libyan authorities in the field of maritime border
surveillance also depends on the Libyan capacity to keep their own equipment, notably their naval
assets, well-functioning and efficient with a sustainable programme for maintenance.

The implementation of the other projects in the field of migration management has shown it is
important to share information and work together with the main EU and international stakeholders in
Libya, such as EUBAM Libya, EUNAVFOR MED-Op. Irini, Frontex, IOM and UNHCR.

Continuous human rights due diligence and respect of human rights of migrants and refugees by the
beneficiaries is significant aspect to be able to be able to advance in capacity building and technical
support.

Finally, given public interest in actions in Libya with the Libyan Coast Guard reporting mechanisms
have been strengthened, to provide independent information, such as the Third Party Monitoring
reports on the programmes’ effectiveness and their compliance with and support of do-no-harm
principles.

Tunisia component

Some general observations can be leamed from existing EU interventions in Tunisia:

3.5

A close dialogue with the relevant Tunisian actors is crucial in the implementation of the action.
Whilst this programme focuses on Maritime border management, it is equally important to address the
issue of irregular migration on land. Complementary, land border management actions, remain
important in this respect and are seen as such.

Participation of specialised EU agencies such as EMSA, Frontex is encouraged while remaining a key
ambition of the EU.

Infrastructure and equipment provision needs to be accompanied by training and/or capacity building
as an aspect of organisational and internal reform.

The implementation of this Programme involves a careful calibration and expectation management of
all key stakeholders both inside and outside Tunisia.

The intervention logie

Libya component

The underlying intervention logic for this action in Libya works at 2 levels.

For the specific objective 1, the logic is that:

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ifthe Government can ensure adequate resources and staff for the training of the land and sea Border
Guards; and

ifefficient coordination and networking structures are in place to recruit qualified candidates, including
women, from all overthe country; and

ifrespect for human rights and the ‘do no harm principle’ stays at the forefront of all partners in the
training academy, if the physical infrastructure of the academy is in place (output);

ifthe academy is equipped with curricula, materials, equipment (output);

ifthe academy staff have been trained and have the capacity to teach these new disciplines to cadets (output);

then the Libyan coast/border guard will have better quality staff who are able to do their job better, in line with
required national and international standards.

With regard to the specific objective 2, the underlying logic is that:

ifthe Libyan Coast Guards and the General Administration for Coastal Security has a surveillance
system and operational assets; and

ifadequate standard operational procedures for coordination between the Libyan Coast Guards and the
General Administration for Coastal Security are in place; and

ifa fully operational Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre is in place;

then Libya’s ability to live up to its international SAR obligations and cooperation with neighbouring
countries will be enhanced and more lives saved.

Tunisia component

The underlying intervention logic for this action in Tunisia works at 3 levels.

For the specific objective 3, the logic is that:

ifthe Government can ensure adequate resources and staff for the training of the GNM; and
ifefficient coordination and networking structures are in place to recruit qualified candidates, including
women, from all over the country; and

ifrespect for human rights and the ‘do no harm principle’ stays at the forefront of our engagement in
the training academy, ifthe physical infrastructure of the academy is in place (output);

ifthe academy is improved with curicula, materials, equipment (output);

ifthe academy staff have been trained and have the capacity to teach these new disciplines to cadets
(output);

then the Tunisia’s GNM training academy will be modernised and have better quality staff who are able to
do their job better, in line with required national and international standards.

 

With regard to the specific objective 5, the underlying logic is that:

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